Ottokar Freiherr von Chiari (1853-1918) professor at the University of Vienna and founder of the Laryngological (ENT) clinic, pioneer of transbronchial surgery and personal physician of the emperor Franz-Josef I of Austria. He was a younger brother to pathologist Hans Chiari (1851–1916) and the son of gynecologist Johann Baptist Freiherr von Chiari (1817–1854) - Professor at the University of Prague and teacher of Ignatz Semmelweis who discovered puerperal fever [childbed fever].