Ludwig Boltzmann (1844–1906) is generally acknowledged as one of the most important physicists of the nineteenth century. In his youth Ludwig Boltzmann took piano lessons from Anton Bruckner.
nominated for the Nobel Prize: 1903, 1905, 1906
Ottokar Freiherr von Chiari (1853-1918) professor at the University of Vienna and founder of the Laryngological (ENT) clinic, pioneer of transbronchial surgery and personal physician of the emperor Franz-Josef I of Austria. He was a younger brother to pathologist Hans Chiari (1851–1916) and the son of gynecologist Johann Baptist Freiherr von Chiari (1817–1854) - Professor at the University of Prague and teacher of Ignatz Semmelweis who discovered puerperal fever [childbed fever].
Karl Freiherr von Chiari (1912-1982) professor at the University of Vienna, pioneer of pelvic osteotomy surgery and founder of the Orthopaedic clinic at the University of Vienna and regarded as the founder of modern orthopaedics. He was the grandchild of Ottokar Freiherr von Chiari (1853-1918).
Hans Freiherr von Chiari (1851-1916) was an Austrian pathologist. He made important contributions in endocrinology, cardiology and neurology. Eponymously affiliated with the Chiari malformations; Type II Chiari malformation (Arnold-Chiari syndrome) and Budd-Chiari syndrome.